|由理查德·霍洛维茨，历史学教授|
理查德·霍洛维茨是加州州立大学历史学教授。训练作为现代中国的历史学家，他随后在世界历史的新兴领域开发的第二个专业化。他的研究探讨了中国的20世纪20年代的交集和全球一体化的进程，从19世纪20年代。他教的中国，日本，世界历史和历史方法的课程。
这是由Richard S.霍洛维茨教授题为“中国海关总税务司，1854年至1949年：介绍”的文章的摘录。
For almost a century, the Chinese Maritime Customs Service played a central role in the relationship between China and the global economy. The Customs Service was part of the Chinese Government, but it was led by foreigners. Technically, its role was limited to ensuring the accurate assessment of Customs duties (taxes on imports and exports). However, over time, it became involved in many activities including the maintenance of harbors and lighthouses, the payment of foreign loans, the preparation of a very wide range of published reports, and the provision of technical assistance to the Chinese Government. Customs officials were often involved in diplomatic discussions and served as informal intermediaries between Chinese officials and foreign representatives.