差异性无处不在的力量:Sharfstein的雷霆在山

5min read

| By Catherine DiMercurio |

“You might as well expect all rivers to run backward as that any man who was born a free man should be contented penned up.” – Chief Joseph

Some episodes in American history are more readily called to mind than others. When a book about the Nez Perce War came across my desk here at Thorndike Press, I admit that I could not immediately recall many (okay,任何) details from long ago history classes. I recently learned that one of the reasons Daniel Sharfstein’s雷霆在山s: Chief Joseph, Oliver Otis Howard, and the Nez Perce War被收购的桑代克是由于历史学家蒂莫西·泰森写了一封信。泰森先生写道:“桑代克出版社大字历史书是一个极大的安慰”他的衰老的父亲,谁黄斑变性受到影响。泰森先生(谁也是一个作家,其埃米特的直到鲜血最近被桑代克出版)在信中还建议,桑代克出版Sharfstein的书,他称赞在几个方面。泰森先生正确地指出,正如种族和国籍的问题,通报了Sharfstein的书讨论的事件,所以他们仍然在我们当前的政治状态“活题”。188金宝搏北京赛车

I soon found myself immersed in the opening pages of Sharfstein’s book, in which he sets the stage for the struggle he will explore. Civil War General O. O. Howard, I learned, began to see during the course of the war that “turning slaves into citizens” was his mission. He then became a pivotal figure during Reconstruction. Sharfstein notes: “General Howard emerged from the Civil War to play a key role in Reconstruction. As head of the Freedmen’s Bureau, the first big federal social welfare agency in American history, he led the government’s efforts to support and protect millions of newly freed people; Howard University was named for him.” And this is what stopped me in my tracks.

我知道有足够的了解内兹佩尔塞战争从Sharfstein的“作者注”以及一些初步的研究就知道,这是一般霍华德谁负责的创伤和破坏行政约瑟夫和他的人民忍受。然而,当通过内战与重建滤波器看出,一般霍华德似乎是一个“好人”。自由和平等的这个后卫谁曾倡导自由的奴隶的事业怎么可能是谁不懈地追求,并负责这么多的本土美国人的死亡和流放侵略者?

在几百页的过程中,Sharfstein解压缩这些想法和计划书一般都霍华德和约瑟夫酋长的画像复杂。但在同一时间,在提供一般霍华德的客观,细致入微的描述没有试图能逃脱的情况的真相。一般霍华德下令约瑟夫酋长,谁一再声称他对和平的渴望 - 和主权 - 他的人除去到爱达荷州预订。一般给内兹佩尔塞条30日内作出此举。就在截稿前,一组战士的爆发等级和反对白人定居者的报复执行了一系列的杀戮。一般霍华德和他的指挥下,部队继续追求内兹佩尔塞 - 通过跨越蒙大拿平原,落基山脉和北部地区 - 一些900名男子,妇女和儿童。

大约三个半月,内兹佩尔塞躲过霍华德和他的手下,谁在1877年,赶上了一些家庭和屠杀许多妇女和儿童。之后不久,同年10月,约瑟夫酋长自首,称“我累了。我的心脏有病,悲伤。从那里的太阳,现在站在我永远也不会再战斗了。”

纵观他的职业生涯总霍华德,Sharfstein明确,通过他的信仰和他的责任感美国定义自己。有人可能会猜测到其中的信仰和职责分别作为达到目的的手段既证明大良霍华德的方式企图在南北战争之后实现,以及霍华德在执行来证明大恶他针对内兹佩尔塞努力。

在第一种情况下,霍华德来认为前者奴隶值得保护的,并且重视新公民。他们不再其他,不再因噎废食。然而,在第二种情况下,一般无法得出关于内兹佩尔塞社会的基本人类相同的结论。随着人们,他们仍然其他. The Nez Perce who weren’t massacred were exiled far from their home in the aftermath of the war. Worse, they were relocated not to the Idaho reservation where other members of the Nez Perce had previously been placed but were instead escorted to a reservation in the state of Washington. Chief Joseph lived the rest of his life in exile and was never allowed to return to his homeland.

一般霍华德的例子表明,这似乎令人震惊使用方便值得称赞的动机为掩护卑劣的行为,然而,这仅仅是一个读者拿到这个特殊的历史时刻。泰森先生的信中表示,Sharfstein的书是访问学者和流行的读者,和同胞历史学家广泛关注。在当地的图书馆看看易于上你的眼桑代克大字体的复制和制定自己的结论。

要收听丹尼尔Sharfstein谈雷霆在山, follow this link to an NPR interview:https://www.npr.org/2017/04/23/525339907/thunder-on-the-mountains-tells-tragedy-of-two-strong-opposing-leaders

对于约瑟夫酋长,一般O. O.霍华德,和内兹佩尔塞战争的简要概述,在PBS.org阅读更多:https://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/chiefjoseph.htm

丹尼尔Sharfstein总结内兹佩尔塞和霍华德将军简要地史密森之间的冲突。对于潜水之前的一些背景资料进书,读到这里Sharfstein的短文:https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/namesake-howard-university-spent-years-kicking-native-americans-out-180963409/


Meet the Author




凯瑟琳DiMercurio是桑代克出版社的资深编辑的发展,以及作为一个作家,博客写手,亚军,以及最近MFA研究生。当离开电脑,她喜欢长途旅行,露营,沙滩天,她会带着她的两个忙青少年挂出的任意时间。


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