| By Tara Atterberry |
John Harrower, a Scottish businessman, was forced to leave his home and family in December 1773 in search of a more stable means of employment. He traveled across Europe for more than six weeks but was not able to secure employment and was desperate for work. As a last resort, he signed an indentured servant contract and boarded a ship with other indentured servants, to travel from London to Virginia in 1774, where he served as a tutor to Colonel William Daingerfield’s children and the children of other Virginia planters. John Harrower is one of more than 200 indentured servants who will be profiled in the upcoming 2020 edition of Gale’sPassenger and Immigration Lists Index.
据估计，与二分之一和英国，苏格兰，爱尔兰和德国男性和女性谁在17移民到了美洲殖民地的四分之三日世纪之际，自愿的契约仆役。契约奴役似乎是同时解决这两个问题的方法：（1）填写一个稳定和可靠的劳动力，这是稀少的需要，但迫切需要，在殖民地;（2）为那些谁愿意冒险新世界的手段，但在经济上无法负担的旅程。
为了回报横跨大西洋通道的成本，仆人们同意工作，为他们的殖民统治者的时间，一般四年间七个特定时期年，在其末端的，他们已经赢得了他们的自由，寻求他们的财富在新的世界。作为回报，要求依法大师提供的契约仆人有足够的衣，食，住，医疗等。许多主人对待仆人们好，而许多虐待和/或不为他们提供足够的食物和住所，不人道的条件下，迫使他们工作和他们进行身体虐待忽视他们的仆人。
在纸面上，这种安排是理想的双方。然而，在现实中，契约佣工的生活是艰难和困苦天生充满。如果他们能够生存海上艰苦的旅程，他们经常从繁重的压迫感工作日程，住房不足和不卫生的遭遇，而且，即使对那些公务员，其主人是体面和人道，营养不良和疾病。事实上，据估计，几乎有一半在美洲殖民地的所有契约仆人的17时日century may have died by the end of their second year in the New World. While many desperate immigrants undoubtedly saw indentured servitude as their ticket to a better life in the New World, the stark realities of the daily life—an ocean away from their families, friends, and everything they had ever known—must have been, at the very least, sobering.
这是第一次，这个版本的Passenger and Immigration Lists Indexwill include the occupations of those who came to North America, including more than 200 European immigrants, like John Harrower, who claimed indentured servitude as their occupation in immigration documents.
Just like solving a puzzle starts with the first puzzle piece, solving the mystery of a family’s history starts with one great source.Passenger and Immigration Lists Index是的家谱信息这些伟大的来源之一，提供超过10万个移民的轮廓来自超过70个国家，在2020年版，可在2019年12月，由40多个历史出版物，入籍记录，政府文件，船舶舱单来源和其它晦涩历史来源。
Passenger and Immigration Lists Index是公众，学术和专业图书馆必备的产品;金宝搏彩票研究中心;或维持历史家谱特藏或服务感兴趣的家谱和家族历史研究人口的任何组织。它的目的Passenger and Immigration Lists Indexto lead you to the sources that will unravel some of the mysteries surrounding this fascinating group of people, particularly as they relate to individual family histories.
Passenger and Immigration Lists Index,2020 edition,在打印和许可格式2019年12月可用。Reach out to your Gale sales consultant today >>
结识作者
塔拉Atterberry已经与盖尔了24年，并管理传记和家谱金宝搏彩票的内容。在闲暇时间，她喜欢花时间与她的两个十几岁的女儿，谁经常提醒她，她什么都不知道，放牧她的三只猫，剪贴簿，和研究她死去的祖先。